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1. Solaris TCPIP Protocol Suite (Overview) 2. Planning an IPv4 Addressing Scheme (Tasks 3. Planning an IPv6 Addressing Scheme (Overview) 4. Planning an IPv6 Network (Tasks) 5. Configuring TCP/IP Network Services and IPv4 Addressing (Tasks) 6. Administering Network Interfaces (Tasks) 7. Enabling IPv6 on a Network (Tasks) 8. Administering a TCP/IP Network (Tasks) Major TCP/IP Administrative Tasks (Task Map) Monitoring the Interface Configuration With the ifconfig Command How to Get Information About a Specific Interface How to Display Interface Address Assignments Monitoring Network Status With the netstat Command How to Display Statistics by Protocol How to Display the Status of Transport Protocols How to Display Network Interface Status How to Display the Status of Sockets How to Display the Status of Transmissions for Packets of a Specific Address Type Probing Remote Hosts With the ping Command How to Determine if a Remote Host Is Running How to Determine if a Host Is Dropping Packets Administering and Logging Network Status Displays How to Control the Display Output of IP-Related Commands How to Log Actions of the IPv4 Routing Daemon How to Trace the Activities of the IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Daemon Displaying Routing Information With the traceroute Command How to Find Out the Route to a Remote Host Monitoring Packet Transfers With the snoop Command How to Check Packets From All Interfaces How to Capture snoop Output Into a File How to Check Packets Between an IPv4 Server and a Client How to Monitor IPv6 Network Traffic Administering Default Address Selection How to Administer the IPv6 Address Selection Policy Table How to Modify the IPv6 Address Selection Table for the Current Session Only 9. Troubleshooting Network Problems (Tasks) 10. TCP/IP and IPv4 in Depth (Reference) 12. About Solaris DHCP (Overview) 13. Planning for DHCP Service (Tasks) 14. Configuring the DHCP Service (Tasks) 15. Administering DHCP (Tasks) 16. Configuring and Administering DHCP Clients 17. Troubleshooting DHCP (Reference) 18. DHCP Commands and Files (Reference) 19. IP Security Architecture (Overview) 21. IP Security Architecture (Reference) 22. Internet Key Exchange (Overview) 24. Internet Key Exchange (Reference) 25. Solaris IP Filter (Overview) 28. Administering Mobile IP (Tasks) 29. Mobile IP Files and Commands (Reference) 30. Introducing IPMP (Overview) 31. Administering IPMP (Tasks) Part VI IP Quality of Service (IPQoS) 32. Introducing IPQoS (Overview) 33. Planning for an IPQoS-Enabled Network (Tasks) 34. Creating the IPQoS Configuration File (Tasks) 35. Starting and Maintaining IPQoS (Tasks) 36. Using Flow Accounting and Statistics Gathering (Tasks) |
Monitoring Network Status With the netstat CommandThe netstat command generates displays that show network status and protocol statistics. You can display the status of TCP, SCTP, and UDP endpoints in table format. You can also display routing table information and interface information. The netstat command displays various types of network data, depending on the selected command-line option. These displays are the most useful for system administration. The basic syntax for netstat follows: netstat [-m] [-n] [-s] [-i | -r] [-faddress-family] This section describes the most commonly used options of the netstat command. For a detailed description of all netstat options, refer to the netstat(1M) man page. How to Display Statistics by ProtocolThe netstat -s option displays protocol statistics for the UDP, TCP, SCTP, ICMP, and IP protocols. Note - You can us your Solaris user account to obtain output from the netstat command. Example 8-5 Network Protocol Statistics The following example shows the output of the netstat -s command. Parts of the output have been truncated. The output can indicate areas where a protocol is having problems. For example, statistical information from ICMPv4 and ICMPv6 can indicate where the ICMP protocol has found errors. RAWIP
rawipInDatagrams = 4701 rawipInErrors = 0
rawipInCksumErrs = 0 rawipOutDatagrams = 4
rawipOutErrors = 0
UDP
udpInDatagrams = 10091 udpInErrors = 0
udpOutDatagrams = 15772 udpOutErrors = 0
TCP tcpRtoAlgorithm = 4 tcpRtoMin = 400
tcpRtoMax = 60000 tcpMaxConn = -1
.
.
tcpListenDrop = 0 tcpListenDropQ0 = 0
tcpHalfOpenDrop = 0 tcpOutSackRetrans = 0
IPv4 ipForwarding = 2 ipDefaultTTL = 255
ipInReceives =300182 ipInHdrErrors = 0
ipInAddrErrors = 0 ipInCksumErrs = 0
.
.
ipsecInFailed = 0 ipInIPv6 = 0
ipOutIPv6 = 3 ipOutSwitchIPv6 = 0
IPv6 ipv6Forwarding = 2 ipv6DefaultHopLimit = 255
ipv6InReceives = 13986 ipv6InHdrErrors = 0
ipv6InTooBigErrors = 0 ipv6InNoRoutes = 0
.
.
rawipInOverflows = 0 ipv6InIPv4 = 0
ipv6OutIPv4 = 0 ipv6OutSwitchIPv4 = 0
ICMPv4 icmpInMsgs = 43593 icmpInErrors = 0
icmpInCksumErrs = 0 icmpInUnknowns = 0
.
.
icmpInOverflows = 0
ICMPv6 icmp6InMsgs = 13612 icmp6InErrors = 0
icmp6InDestUnreachs = 0 icmp6InAdminProhibs = 0
.
.
icmp6OutGroupQueries= 0 icmp6OutGroupResps = 2
icmp6OutGroupReds = 0
IGMP:
12287 messages received
0 messages received with too few bytes
0 messages received with bad checksum
12287 membership queries received
SCTP sctpRtoAlgorithm = vanj
sctpRtoMin = 1000
sctpRtoMax = 60000
sctpRtoInitial = 3000
sctpTimHearBeatProbe = 2
sctpTimHearBeatDrop = 0
sctpListenDrop = 0
sctpInClosed = 0
How to Display the Status of Transport ProtocolsYou can display the status of the transport protocols through the netstat command. For detailed information, refer to the netstat(1M) man page.
This example shows the output of the basic netstat command. Note that IPv4-only information is displayed. $ netstat TCP: IPv4 Local Address Remote Address Swind Send-Q Rwind Recv-Q State ----------------- -------------------- ----- ------ ----- ------ ------- lhost-1.login abc.def.local.Sun.COM.980 49640 0 49640 0 ESTABLISHED lhost-1.login ghi.jkl.local.Sun.COM.1020 49640 1 49640 0 ESTABLISHED remhost-1.1014 mno.pqr.remote.Sun.COM.nfsd 49640 0 49640 0 TIME_WAIT SCTP: Local Address Remote Address Swind Send-Q Rwind Recv-Q StrsI/O State ---------------- -------------- ----- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------- *.echo 0.0.0.0 0 0 102400 0 128/1 LISTEN *.discard 0.0.0.0 0 0 102400 0 128/1 LISTEN *.9001 0.0.0.0 0 0 102400 0 128/1 LISTENExample 8-7 Displaying the Status of a Particular Transport Protocol This example shows the results when you specify the -P option of netstat. $ netstat -P tcp TCP: IPv4 Local Address Remote Address Swind Send-Q Rwind Recv-Q State ----------------- -------------------- ----- ------ ----- ------ ------- lhost-1.login abc.def.local.Sun.COM.980 49640 0 49640 0 ESTABLISHED lhost.login ghi.jkl.local.Sun.COM.1020 49640 1 49640 0 ESTABLISHED remhost.1014 mno.pqr.remote.Sun.COM.nfsd 49640 0 49640 0 TIME_WAIT TCP: IPv6 Local Address Remote Address Swind Send-Q Rwind Recv-Q State If ---------------- ---------------------- ------ ----- ------ ----------- ----- localhost.38983 localhost.32777 49152 0 49152 0 ESTABLISHED localhost.32777 localhost.38983 49152 0 49152 0 ESTABLISHED localhost.38986 localhost.38980 49152 0 49152 0 ESTABLISHED How to Display Network Interface StatusThe i option of the netstat command shows the state of the network interfaces that are configured on the local system. With this option, you can determine the number of packets a system transmits and receives on each network. Example 8-8 Network Interface Status DisplayThe next example shows the status of IPv4 and IPv6 packet flow through the host's interfaces. For example, the input packet count (Ipkts) that is displayed for a server can increase each time a client tries to boot, while the output packet count (Opkts) remains steady. This outcome suggests that the server is seeing the boot request packets from the client. However, the server does not know to respond to them. This confusion might be caused by an incorrect address in the hosts, or ethers database. However, if the input packet count is steady over time, then the machine does not see the packets at all. This outcome suggests a different type of failure, possibly a hardware problem. Name Mtu Net/Dest Address Ipkts Ierrs Opkts Oerrs Collis Queue lo0 8232 loopback localhost 142 0 142 0 0 0 hme0 1500 host58 host58 1106302 0 52419 0 0 0 Name Mtu Net/Dest Address Ipkts Ierrs Opkts Oerrs Collis lo0 8252 localhost localhost 142 0 142 0 0 hme0 1500 fe80::a00:20ff:feb9:4c54/10 fe80::a00:20ff:feb9:4c54 1106305 0 52422 0 0 How to Display the Status of SocketsThe -a option of the netstat command enables you to view the status of sockets on the local host.
The output of the netstat -a command shows extensive statistics. The following example shows portions of typical netstat -a output. UDP: IPv4
Local Address Remote Address State
-------------------- -------------------- -------
*.bootpc Idle
host85.bootpc Idle
*.* Unbound
*.* Unbound
*.sunrpc Idle
*.* Unbound
*.32771 Idle
*.sunrpc Idle
*.* Unbound
*.32775 Idle
*.time Idle
.
.
*.daytime Idle
*.echo Idle
*.discard Idle
UDP: IPv6
Local Address Remote Address State If
--------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------- -----
*.* Unbound
*.* Unbound
*.sunrpc Idle
*.* Unbound
*.32771 Idle
*.32778 Idle
*.syslog Idle
.
.
TCP: IPv4
Local Address Remote Address Swind Send-Q Rwind Recv-Q State
-------------------- -------------------- ----- ------ ----- ------ -------
*.* *.* 0 0 49152 0 IDLE
localhost.4999 *.* 0 0 49152 0 LISTEN
*.sunrpc *.* 0 0 49152 0 LISTEN
*.* *.* 0 0 49152 0 IDLE
*.sunrpc *.* 0 0 49152 0 LISTEN
.
.
*.printer *.* 0 0 49152 0 LISTEN
*.time *.* 0 0 49152 0 LISTEN
*.daytime *.* 0 0 49152 0 LISTEN
*.echo *.* 0 0 49152 0 LISTEN
*.discard *.* 0 0 49152 0 LISTEN
*.chargen *.* 0 0 49152 0 LISTEN
*.shell *.* 0 0 49152 0 LISTEN
*.shell *.* 0 0 49152 0 LISTEN
*.kshell *.* 0 0 49152 0 LISTEN
*.login
.
.
*.* 0 0 49152 0 LISTEN
*TCP: IPv6
Local Address Remote Address Swind Send-Q Rwind Recv-Q State If
----------------------- ----------------------- ----- ------ ----- ------ ----
*.* *.* 0 0 49152 0 IDLE
*.sunrpc *.* 0 0 49152 0 LISTEN
*.* *.* 0 0 49152 0 IDLE
*.32774 *.* 0 0 49152
How to Display the Status of Transmissions for Packets of a Specific Address TypeUse the -f option of the netstat command to view statistics related to packet transmissions of a particular address family.
The following example shows output from the netstat -f inet command. TCP: IPv4 Local Address Remote Address Swind Send-Q Rwind Recv-Q State -------------------- -------------------- ----- ------ ----- ------ ------- host58.734 host19.nfsd 49640 0 49640 0 ESTABLISHED host58.38063 host19.32782 49640 0 49640 0 CLOSE_WAIT host58.38146 host41.43601 49640 0 49640 0 ESTABLISHED host58.996 remote-host.login 49640 0 49206 0 ESTABLISHEDExample 8-11 Status of IPv6 Packet Transmission The following example shows output from the netstat -f inet6 command. TCP: IPv6 Local Address Remote Address Swind Send-Q Rwind Recv-Q State If ------------------ ------------------------- ----- ------ ----- ------ --------- ----- localhost.38065 localhost.32792 49152 0 49152 0 ESTABLISHED localhost.32792 localhost.38065 49152 0 49152 0 ESTABLISHED localhost.38089 localhost.38057 49152 0 49152 0 ESTABLISHED How to Display the Status of Known RoutesThe -r option of the netstat command displays the routing table for the local host. This table shows the status of all routes that the host knows about. You can run this option of netstat from your user account. Example 8-12 Routing Table Output by the netstat CommandThe following example shows output from the netstat -r command. Routing Table: IPv4 Destination Gateway Flags Ref Use Interface -------------------- -------------------- ----- ----- ------ --------- host15 myhost U 1 31059 hme0 10.0.0.14 myhost U 1 0 hme0 default distantrouter UG 1 2 hme0 localhost localhost UH 42019361 lo0 Routing Table: IPv6 Destination/Mask Gateway Flags Ref Use If --------------------------- --------------------------- ----- --- ------ ----- 2002:0a00:3010:2::/64 2002:0a00:3010:2:1b2b:3c4c:5e6e:abcd U 1 0 hme0:1 fe80::/10 fe80::1a2b:3c4d:5e6f:12a2 U 1 23 hme0 ff00::/8 fe80::1a2b:3c4d:5e6f:12a2 U 1 0 hme0 default fe80::1a2b:3c4d:5e6f:12a2 UG 1 0 hme0 localhost localhost UH 9 21832 lo0
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