Installing and Managing Packages
The Image Packaging System enables users to connect to a repository and download
and install software applications. These software applications are available as packages in a
repository. The default repository for the OpenSolaris 2009.06 system is http://pkg.opensolaris.org.
How to Install or Update a Package
Before You Begin
When installing or updating packages, the packages are first searched for in the
preferred publisher's repository catalog. If the packages are not found in the preferred
publisher's catalog, then the catalogs of the remaining publishers are searched.
The preferred publisher for an OpenSolaris 2009.06 system is opensolaris.org, and the
packages are retrieved from the http://pkg.opensolaris.org/release repository.
To change the preferred publisher, see How to Add or Update a Publisher.
- Use the following command to install or update a package.
$ pfexec pkg install [-vq] pkg_fmri
Note - The pkg install command will automatically retrieve the newest package information available from the
configured publishers for an image when necessary. The pkg install command can also be used
to upgrade one or more packages, and will automatically upgrade package dependencies when
necessary.
Example 3-1 Install a Package
This example installs the SUNWphp524-mysql package. The output displays the status of the
download, number of packages that were installed, number of files that were installed
and the size (in megabytes) of the download.
$ pfexec pkg install SUNWphp524-mysql
DOWNLOAD PKGS FILES XFER (MB)
Completed 4/4 362/362 86.93/86.93
PHASE ACTIONS
Install Phase 493/493
PHASE ITEMS
Reading Existing Index 7/7
Example 3-2 Install a Package From a Specific Publisher
When an image is created, a preferred publisher is set and this
is the default publisher from which packages are downloaded and installed.
This example installs the SUNWphp524-mysql package from the example.opensolaris.org publisher.
$ pfexec pkg install pkg://example.opensolaris.org/SUNWphp524-mysql
More Information
Dry-Run Installation
Before installing packages, you have the option to perform a dry—run installation. A
dry run enables you to execute the command without making persistent changes to
the image. The dry—run option does not install any packages and only shows
the changes that are made if the packages are installed. For details on
how to perform a dry-run installation, see How to Perform a Dry-Run Installation Inside a New Image.
How to Perform a Dry-Run Installation Inside a New Image
- Use the following command to execute a dry-run installation.
$ pfexec pkg install -n [-v] pkg_fmri
Note - pkg_fmri refers to a package name along with a version number and a
sub-version number, if applicable. See the pkg(1) Uses FMRIs section for more information about fmris.
Example 3-3 Performing a Dry-Run Installation of the amp Package
The following example shows a dry-run installation of the amp package with verbose
(-v) output.
$ pfexec pkg install -nv amp
$ pfexec pkg install -nv amp
Creating Plan | Before evaluation:
UNEVALUATED:
+pkg:/amp@0.5.11,5.11-0.110:20090320T185834Z
After evaluation:
None -> pkg:/amp@0.5.11,5.11-0.110:20090320T185834Z
None -> pkg:/SUNWphp52@5.2.9,5.11-0.110:20090320T183517Z
None -> pkg:/SUNWlibmcrypt@2.5.8,5.11-0.110:20090320T182401Z
None -> pkg:/SUNWtidy@1.0.0,5.11-0.110:20090320T184937Z
None -> pkg:/SUNWgnu-idn@0.6.8,5.11-0.110:20090320T181123Z
None -> pkg:/SUNWcurl@7.19.0,5.11-0.110:20090320T174003Z
None -> pkg:/SUNWapch22@2.2.11,5.11-0.110:20090320T173257Z
None -> pkg:/SUNWapr13@1.3.3,5.11-0.110:20090320T173337Z
None -> pkg:/SUNWapu13@1.3.4,5.11-0.110:20090320T173342Z
None -> pkg:/SUNWapch22m-dtrace@0.3.1,5.11-0.110:20090320T173316Z
None -> pkg:/SUNWapch22m-fcgid@2.2,5.11-0.110:20090320T173320Z
None -> pkg:/SUNWapch22m-php52@5.2.9,5.11-0.110:20090320T173324Z
None -> pkg:/SUNWapch22m-security@2.5.7,5.11-0.110:20090320T173330Z
Actuators:
restart_fmri: svc:/system/manifest-import:default
How to Search for Packages
- Use the following command to search for packages based on the various properties
indexed by the packaging system. The server represents the origin_uri of a repository.
$ pkg search [-alprI] [-s server] query
By default, the search command searches for the package in the repository or
repositories associated with the current image. Use the -l option to search only
the installed packages for the current image.
By default, the search results list the matching actions contained within a package's
manifest. Use the -p option to display the results as a list of
unique packages instead.
Example 3-4 Search for a Package in the Installed Image
The following example searches for the SUNWbash package in the installed image.
$ pkg search -l SUNWbash
INDEX ACTION VALUE PACKAGE
fmri set fmri pkg:/SUNWbash@3.2.25-0.110
legacy_pkg legacy SUNWbash pkg:/SUNWbash@3.2.25-0.110
Example 3-5 Search for a Package in a Remote Repository
The following example searches for the amp package in the remote (-r) repository
associated with the current image.
$ pkg search -r amp
INDEX ACTION VALUE PACKAGE
description set AMP pkg:/amp@0.5.11-0.86
description set AMP pkg:/amp-dev@0.5.11-0.86
description set AMP pkg:/amp-dev@0.5.11-0.101
description set AMP pkg:/amp-dev@0.5.11-0.86
description set AMP pkg:/amp-dev@0.5.11-0.86
description set AMP pkg:/amp-dev@0.5.11-0.86
description set AMP pkg:/amp@0.5.11-0.86
description set AMP pkg:/amp@0.5.11-0.101
description set AMP pkg:/amp-dev@0.5.11-0.86
Example 3-6 Search for a Package by Description
The following example searches for a book package. Generally, the complete metadata of
the package, such as attribute values, path names, file names, descriptions and so
on are searched. Hence, the search results will display a list of all
packages that contain the search term in path, file name, description, and so
on.
$ pkg search book
INDEX ACTION VALUE PACKAGE
basename dir usr/share/doc/gtkmm-2.4/examples/book pkg:/SUNWgtkmm@0.5.11-0.93
basename dir usr/share/doc/gtkmm-2.4/examples/book pkg:/SUNWgtkmm@0.5.11-0.86
basename dir usr/share/doc/gtkmm-2.4/examples/book pkg:/SUNWgtkmm@0.5.11-0.90
basename dir usr/share/doc/gtkmm-2.4/examples/book pkg:/SUNWgtkmm@0.5.11-0.95
basename dir usr/share/doc/gtkmm-2.4/examples/book pkg:/SUNWgtkmm@0.5.11-0.86
basename dir usr/share/doc/gtkmm-2.4/examples/book pkg:/SUNWgtkmm@0.5.11-0.98
basename dir usr/share/doc/gtkmm-2.4/examples/book pkg:/SUNWgtkmm@0.5.11-0.97
basename dir usr/share/doc/gtkmm-2.4/examples/book pkg:/SUNWgtkmm@0.5.11-0.89
basename dir usr/share/doc/gtkmm-2.4/examples/book pkg:/SUNWgtkmm@0.5.11-0.94
basename dir usr/share/doc/gtkmm-2.4/examples/book pkg:/SUNWgtkmm@0.5.11-0.96
basename dir usr/share/doc/gtkmm-2.4/examples/book pkg:/SUNWgtkmm@0.5.11-0.91
description set book pkg:/SUNWdiveintopython@0.5.11-0.110
~
How to List the Contents of a Package
Example 3-7 Listing the Contents of a Package
This example lists the name, mode of the file, size, path and
the target of the following actions in the SUNWzfs package:
If the package is not installed, use the -r option to retrieve the
contents of the package from the server.
$ pkg contents -t dir,file,link,hardlink -o action.name,mode,pkg.size,path,target zfs
NAME MODE SIZE PATH TARGET
dir 0755 etc
dir 0755 etc/fs
dir 0755 etc/fs/zfs
link etc/fs/zfs/mount ../../../sbin/zfs
link etc/fs/zfs/umount ../../../sbin/zfs
dir 0755 etc/zfs
dir 0755 lib
dir 0755 lib/amd64
link lib/amd64/libzfs.so libzfs.so.1
file 0755 469616 lib/amd64/libzfs.so.1
file 0644 62057 lib/amd64/llib-lzfs.ln
link lib/libzfs.so libzfs.so.1
[ ... ]
How to Display Information About a Package
Example 3-8 Display Package Information
This example displays information about the amp package. This example uses the -r
option to retrieve the data from the servers if the package is not
installed.
$ pkg info -r amp
Name: amp
Summary: Cluster containing an AMP (Apache, MySQL, PHP) deployment kit
Category: Web Services/Application and Web Servers
State: Not installed
Publisher: OpenSolaris
Version: 0.5.11
Build Release: 5.11
Branch: 0.110
Packaging Date: Fri Mar 20 18:58:34 2009
Size: 0.00 B
FMRI: pkg:/amp@0.5.11,5.11-0.110:20090320T185834ZExample 3-9 Display Copyright and License Information About a Package
This example displays the copyright and license information about the SUNWGlib package.
This example uses the -r option to retrieve the data from the servers
if the package is not installed.
$ pkg info --license -r SUNWGlib
Copyright (C) 1995-1997 Peter Mattis, Spencer Kimball and Josh MacDonald
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
Library General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
Modified by the GLib Team and others 1997-1999. See the AUTHORS
file for a list of people on the GLib Team. See the ChangeLog
files for a list of changes. These files are distributed with
GLib at ftp://ftp.gtk.org/pub/gtk/.
How to Display Package State and Version Information
Example 3-10 Display the most recent version information of all known versions of a package.
This example uses the -a option to retrieve the information about all known
versions of the package, whether installed or not.
$ pkg list -a amp
NAME (PUBLISHER) VERSION STATE UFIX
amp 0.5.11-0.110 known ----
amp (osrelease) 0.5.11-0.101 known u---
How to Uninstall Packages
Example 3-11 Uninstalling a Package
This example uninstalls the SUNWphp524-mysqlpackage.
$ pfexec pkg uninstall SUNWphp524-mysql
PHASE ACTIONS
Removal Phase 39/39
How to Display Publisher Information
Example 3-12 Displaying Publisher Information
$ pkg publisher
publisher TYPE STATUS URL
opensolaris.org (preferred) origin online http://pkg.opensolaris.org/release
How to Add or Update a Publisher
Example 3-13 Adding an Additional Package Publisher
$ pfexec pkg set-publisher -O http://pkg.opensolaris.org/release osrelease
$ pkg publisher
PUBLISHER TYPE STATUS URI
OpenSolaris (preferred) origin online http://pkg.opensolaris.org/dev/
osrelease origin online http://pkg.opensolaris.org/release/
Example 3-14 Setting a Preferred Publisher
Use the -P option along with the -O option to set a publisher
as the preferred publisher. The preferred publisher's repository will be searched first when
performing package operations such as install or upgrade.
$ pfexec pkg set-publisher -P -O http://pkg.sunfreeware.com sunfreeware.com
$ pkg publisher
PUBLISHER TYPE STATUS URI
OpenSolaris origin online http://pkg.opensolaris.org/dev/
osrelease origin online http://pkg.opensolaris.org/release/
sunfreeware.com (preferred) origin online http://pkg.sunfreeware.com
More Information
Naming of Publishers
A publisher is an identifier for a person, groups of persons, or
a corporation that publishes a package.
A publisher name can be any one of the following types:
A host-like string such as opensolaris.org, sunfreeware.org and so on
A forward domain name such as extra.opensolaris.org
A reverse domain name such as org.opensolaris.extra
An identifier such as opensolarisextra
See Also
The pkg set-publisher command is also used to add and remove mirror repositories. For
more information, see Chapter 8, Mirroring Repositories.
How to Remove Publisher Configuration
- (Optional) A publisher cannot be removed if it is set to be
the preferred publisher. Set a different publisher to be the preferred publisher before removing
the publisher.
$ pfexec pkg set-publisher -P -O repository publisher
- Type the following command to remove the configuration information associated with a given
publisher.
$ pfexec pkg unset-publisher publisher
Example 3-15 Removing a Preferred Publisher
In this example, the preferred publisher is first changed from sunfreeware.com to
opensolaris.org using the set-publisher command. Then the sunfreeware.com publisher is removed.
$ pkg publisher
PUBLISHER TYPE STATUS URI
OpenSolaris origin online http://pkg.opensolaris.org/dev/
osrelease origin online http://pkg.opensolaris.org/release/
sunfreeware.com (preferred) origin online http://pkg.sunfreeware.com
$ pfexec pkg set-publisher -P -O http://pkg.opensolaris.org/release opensolaris.org
$ pfexec pkg unset-publisher sunfreeware.com
$ pkg publisher
publisher TYPE STATUS URL
opensolaris.org (preferred) origin online http://pkg.opensolaris.org/release
How to Update a Package
How to View the Operation History
- Type the following command to view the operation history of the current image.
$ pkg history [-Hl]
Example 3-16 View Detailed Command History
$ pkg history -l
Operation: purge-history
Outcome: Succeeded
Client: pkg
Version: 216d2efd0c27
User: root (0)
Start Time: 2008-11-06T09:33:44
End Time: 2008-11-06T09:33:44
Command: /usr/bin/pkg -R /export/home/dc/build_data/pkg_image purge-history
Operation: uninstall
Outcome: Succeeded
Client: pkg
Version: 216d2efd0c27
User: jack (65432)
Start Time: 2008-11-07T14:04:34
End Time: 2008-11-07T14:04:59
Command: /usr/bin/pkg -R /a uninstall -q --no-index SUNWslim-utils
Start State:
UNEVALUATED:
-pkg:/SUNWslim-utils@0.5.11,5.11-0.101:20081104T034320Z
End State:
pkg:/SUNWslim-utils@0.5.11,5.11-0.101:20081104T034320Z -> None
Operation: set-authority
Outcome: Succeeded
Client: pkg
Version: 216d2efd0c27
User: jack (65432)
Start Time: 2008-11-07T14:05:01
End Time: 2008-11-07T14:05:01
Command: /usr/bin/pkg -R /a set-authority --reset-uuid opensolaris.org
End State:
pkg:/SUNWslim-utils@0.5.11,5.11-0.100:20081025T020505Z -> None
Operation: install
Outcome: Failed (Unknown)
Client: packagemanager
Version: 71eab3488987
User: jack (101)
Start Time: 2008-10-29T11:31:13
End Time: 2008-10-29T11:32:04
Command: /usr/bin/packagemanager
How to Delete Operation History
How to View the List of Available Commands
- Type the following command to view the list of available commands.
$ pkg help
