# pqxx::transaction_base Class Reference

`#include <transaction_base.hxx>`

Inheritance diagram for pqxx::transaction_base:

[legend]

List of all members.

## Public Types
typedef isolation_traits < read_committed > | isolation_tag
| If nothing else is known, our isolation level is at least read_committed.
## Public Member Functions
virtual | ~transaction_base ()=0
void | commit ()
| Commit the transaction.
void | abort ()
| Abort the transaction.
std::string | esc (const char str[]) const
| Escape string for use as SQL string literal in this transaction.
std::string | esc (const char str[], size_t maxlen) const
| Escape string for use as SQL string literal in this transaction.
std::string | esc (const std::string &str) const
| Escape string for use as SQL string literal in this transaction.
std::string | esc_raw (const unsigned char str[], size_t len) const
| Escape binary data for use as SQL string literal in this transaction.
std::string | esc_raw (const std::string &) const
| Escape binary data for use as SQL string literal in this transaction.
template<typename T >
std::string | quote (const T &t) const
| Represent object as SQL string, including quoting & escaping.
result | exec (const std::string &Query, const std::string &Desc=std::string())
| Execute query.
result | exec (const std::stringstream &Query, const std::string &Desc=std::string())
connection_base & | conn () const
| Connection this transaction is running in.
void | set_variable (const std::string &Var, const std::string &Val)
| Set session variable in this connection.
std::string | get_variable (const std::string &)
| Get currently applicable value of variable.
Prepared statements
prepare::invocation | prepared (const std::string &statement)
| Execute prepared statement.
Error/warning output
void | process_notice (const char Msg[]) const
| Have connection process warning message.
void | process_notice (const std::string &Msg) const
| Have connection process warning message.
## Protected Member Functions
| transaction_base (connection_base &, bool direct=true)
| Create a transaction (to be called by implementation classes only).
void | Begin ()
| Begin transaction (to be called by implementing class).
void | End () throw ()
| End transaction. To be called by implementing class' destructor.
virtual void | do_begin ()=0
| To be implemented by derived implementation class: start transaction.
virtual result | do_exec (const char Query[])=0
| To be implemented by derived implementation class: perform query.
virtual void | do_commit ()=0
| To be implemented by derived implementation class: commit transaction.
virtual void | do_abort ()=0
| To be implemented by derived implementation class: abort transaction.
result | DirectExec (const char C[], int Retries=0)
| Execute query on connection directly.
void | reactivation_avoidance_clear () throw ()
| Forget about any reactivation-blocking resources we tried to allocate.
## Friends
class | pqxx::internal::sql_cursor
class | internal::transactionfocus
class | tablereader
class | tablewriter
class | pipeline
class | prepare::invocation
class | subtransaction

## Member Typedef Documentation

typedef isolation_traits<read_committed> pqxx::transaction_base::isolation_tag

If nothing else is known, our isolation level is at least read_committed.

Reimplemented in pqxx::basic_robusttransaction, pqxx::robusttransaction< ISOLATIONLEVEL >, and pqxx::transaction< ISOLATIONLEVEL >.

## Constructor & Destructor Documentation

pqxx::transaction_base::~transaction_base | ( |  | ) | `[pure virtual]`

References pqxx::internal::namedclass::description(), pqxx::connection_base::process_notice(), process_notice(), reactivation_avoidance_clear(), and pqxx::connection_base::UnregisterTransaction().

pqxx::transaction_base::transaction_base | ( | connection_base & | C,
|  | bool | direct = `true` |
| ) |  |  | `[explicit, protected]`

Create a transaction (to be called by implementation classes only).

The optional name, if nonempty, must begin with a letter and may contain letters and digits only.

Parameters:

  | direct | running directly in connection context (i.e. not nested)?

References pqxx::connection_base::RegisterTransaction(), and transaction_base().

Referenced by transaction_base().

## Member Function Documentation

void pqxx::transaction_base::abort | ( |  | ) |

Abort the transaction.

No special effort is required to call this function; it will be called implicitly when the transaction is destructed.

References pqxx::internal::namedclass::description(), do_abort(), End(), and pqxx::connection_base::process_notice().

Referenced by pqxx::dbtransaction::do_exec(), and End().

void pqxx::transaction_base::Begin | ( |  | ) | `[protected]`

Begin transaction (to be called by implementing class).

Will typically be called from implementing class' constructor.

References do_begin(), End(), and pqxx::connection_base::get_notifs().

Referenced by pqxx::robusttransaction< ISOLATIONLEVEL >::robusttransaction(), and pqxx::transaction< ISOLATIONLEVEL >::transaction().

void pqxx::transaction_base::commit | ( |  | ) |

Commit the transaction.

Unless this function is called explicitly, the transaction will not be committed (actually the nontransaction implementation breaks this rule, hence the name).

Once this function returns, the whole transaction will typically be irrevocably completed in the database. There is also, however, a minute risk that the connection to the database may be lost at just the wrong moment. In that case, libpqxx may be unable to determine whether the transaction was completed or aborted and an in_doubt_error will be thrown to make this fact known to the caller. The robusttransaction implementation takes some special precautions to reduce this risk.

References pqxx::connection_base::AddVariables(), pqxx::internal::namedclass::description(), do_commit(), End(), pqxx::internal::unique< GUEST >::get(), pqxx::connection_base::is_open(), and pqxx::connection_base::process_notice().

connection_base& pqxx::transaction_base::conn | ( |  | ) | const

Connection this transaction is running in.

Referenced by pqxx::basic_robusttransaction::basic_robusttransaction(), pqxx::pipeline::cancel(), pqxx::dbtransaction::do_begin(), End(), pqxx::largeobject::RawConnection(), pqxx::internal::sql_cursor::sql_cursor(), pqxx::pipeline::~pipeline(), pqxx::robusttransaction< ISOLATIONLEVEL >::~robusttransaction(), pqxx::tablereader::~tablereader(), pqxx::tablewriter::~tablewriter(), and pqxx::transaction< ISOLATIONLEVEL >::~transaction().

pqxx::result pqxx::transaction_base::DirectExec | ( | const char | C[],
|  | int | Retries = `0` |
| ) |  |  | `[protected]`

Execute query on connection directly.

Parameters:

  | C | Query or command to execute
  | Retries | Number of times to retry the query if it fails. Be extremely careful with this option; if you retry in the middle of a transaction, you may be setting up a new connection transparently and executing the latter part of the transaction without a backend transaction being active (and with the former part aborted).

References pqxx::connection_base::Exec().

Referenced by pqxx::dbtransaction::do_abort(), pqxx::dbtransaction::do_begin(), and pqxx::dbtransaction::do_exec().

virtual void pqxx::transaction_base::do_abort | ( |  | ) | `[protected, pure virtual]`

To be implemented by derived implementation class: abort transaction.

Implemented in pqxx::dbtransaction.

Referenced by abort().

virtual void pqxx::transaction_base::do_begin | ( |  | ) | `[protected, pure virtual]`

To be implemented by derived implementation class: start transaction.

Implemented in pqxx::dbtransaction.

Referenced by Begin().

virtual void pqxx::transaction_base::do_commit | ( |  | ) | `[protected, pure virtual]`

To be implemented by derived implementation class: commit transaction.

Implemented in pqxx::dbtransaction.

Referenced by commit().

virtual result pqxx::transaction_base::do_exec | ( | const char | Query[] | ) | `[protected, pure virtual]`

To be implemented by derived implementation class: perform query.

Implemented in pqxx::dbtransaction.

Referenced by exec().

void pqxx::transaction_base::End | ( |  | ) | throw ()`[protected]`

End transaction. To be called by implementing class' destructor.

References abort(), conn(), pqxx::internal::namedclass::description(), pqxx::internal::unique< GUEST >::get(), pqxx::internal::reactivation_avoidance_counter::give_to(), pqxx::connection_base::process_notice(), and pqxx::connection_base::UnregisterTransaction().

Referenced by abort(), Begin(), commit(), pqxx::nontransaction::~nontransaction(), pqxx::robusttransaction< ISOLATIONLEVEL >::~robusttransaction(), and pqxx::transaction< ISOLATIONLEVEL >::~transaction().

result pqxx::transaction_base::exec | ( | const std::stringstream & | Query,
|  | const std::string & | Desc = `std ::string()` |
| ) |  |  |

References exec().

Referenced by exec().

pqxx::result pqxx::transaction_base::exec | ( | const std::string & | Query,
|  | const std::string & | Desc = `std ::string()` |
| ) |  |  |

Execute query.

Perform a query in this transaction.

This is one of the most important functions in libpqxx.

Most libpqxx exceptions can be thrown from here, including sql_error, broken_connection, and many sql_error subtypes such as feature_not_supported or insufficient_privilege. But any exception thrown by the C++ standard library may also occur here. All exceptions will be derived from std::exception, however, and all libpqxx-specific exception types are derived from pqxx::pqxx_exception.

Parameters:

  | Query | Query or command to execute
  | Desc | Optional identifier for query, to help pinpoint SQL errors

Returns:
  A result set describing the query's or command's result

References pqxx::internal::namedclass::description(), do_exec(), and pqxx::internal::unique< GUEST >::get().

Referenced by pqxx::internal::sql_cursor::sql_cursor().

string pqxx::transaction_base::get_variable | ( | const std::string & | Var | ) |

Get currently applicable value of variable.

First consults an internal cache of variables that have been set (whether in the ongoing transaction or in the connection) using the set_variable functions. If it is not found there, the database is queried.

Warning:
  Do not mix the set_variable with raw "SET" queries, and do not try to set or get variables while a pipeline or table stream is active.

  This function used to be declared as `const` but isn't anymore.

References pqxx::connection_base::RawGetVar().

Referenced by pqxx::connection_base::get_variable().

pqxx::prepare::invocation pqxx::transaction_base::prepared | ( | const std::string & | statement | ) |

Execute prepared statement.

Prepared statements are defined using the connection classes' prepare() function, and continue to live on in the ongoing session regardless of the context they were defined in (unless explicitly dropped using the connection's unprepare() function). Their execution however, like other forms of query execution, requires a transaction object.

Just like param_declaration is a helper class that lets you tag parameter declarations onto the statement declaration, the invocation class returned here lets you tag parameter values onto the call:

     result run_mystatement(transaction_base &T)
     {
       return T.prepared("mystatement")("param1")(2)()(4).exec();
     }

Here, parameter 1 (written as "<tt>$1</tt>" in the statement's body) is a string that receives the value "param1"; the second parameter is an integer with the value 2; the third receives a null, making its type irrelevant; and number 4 again is an integer. The ultimate invocation of exec() is essential; if you forget this, nothing happens.

Warning:
  Do not try to execute a prepared statement manually through direct SQL statements. This is likely not to work, and even if it does, is likely to be slower than using the proper libpqxx functions. Also, libpqxx knows how to emulate prepared statements if some part of the infrastructure does not support them.

  Actual definition of the prepared statement on the backend may be deferred until its first use, which means that any errors in the prepared statement may not show up until it is executed--and perhaps abort the ongoing transaction in the process.

void pqxx::transaction_base::process_notice | ( | const std::string & | Msg | ) | const

Have connection process warning message.

void pqxx::transaction_base::process_notice | ( | const char | Msg[] | ) | const

Have connection process warning message.

Referenced by ~transaction_base().

void pqxx::transaction_base::reactivation_avoidance_clear | ( |  | ) | throw ()`[protected]`

Forget about any reactivation-blocking resources we tried to allocate.

Referenced by pqxx::dbtransaction::do_abort(), and ~transaction_base().

void pqxx::transaction_base::set_variable | ( | const std::string & | Var,
|  | const std::string & | Val |
| ) |  |  |

Set session variable in this connection.

The new value is typically forgotten if the transaction aborts. Known exceptions to this rule are nontransaction, and PostgreSQL versions prior to 7.3. In the case of nontransaction, the set value will be kept regardless; but in that case, if the connection ever needs to be recovered, the set value will not be restored.

Parameters:

  | Var | The variable to set
  | Val | The new value to store in the variable

References pqxx::connection_base::RawSetVar().

Referenced by pqxx::connection_base::set_variable().

## Friends And Related Function Documentation

friend class internal::transactionfocus`[friend]`

friend class pipeline`[friend]`

friend class pqxx::internal::sql_cursor`[friend]`

friend class prepare::invocation`[friend]`

friend class subtransaction`[friend]`

friend class tablereader`[friend]`

friend class tablewriter`[friend]`

The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:

- transaction_base.hxx
- transaction_base.cxx